The Generation C Study

This study aims to understand the effects of COVID-19 infection during pregnancy on pregnancy and birth outcomes. We are interested in understanding the impact COVID-19 during pregnancy might have on birthing people and their babies. We called the study ‘Generation C’ because it is looking at the generation of children born during the COVID-19 pandemic. We are now following up the children born into this cohort to better understand how SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination against COVID-19 during pregnancy impacts these children longer term.

To test for COVID-19 infection and vaccination during pregnancy, we use blood samples drawn as part of routine care in all pregnant participants. Samples are tested for SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, early and late in pregnancy and at delivery. The study also examines the patients’ electronic medical records, obtaining information on pregnancy and child outcomes.

We have recruited a cohort of >3,000 pregnant patients at The Mount Sinai Hospital and Mount Sinai West in New York City. Recruitment started in April 2020 and ended on February 24, 2022.

Jill Schechter with Gen C baby Jonah

FAQs
What makes Generation C unique?

Generation C is unique because we are learning and collecting information in real time. The study is constantly evolving, as the pandemic evolves. For example, as soon as the COVID-19 vaccines came out, we started studying the effects of the vaccines on pregnancy and birth outcomes.

We make use of scientific expertise from many different medical disciplines. We are a team of obstetricians, pediatricians, psychiatrists, immunologists, epidemiologists, pathologists, and population health scientists, all studying the different ways COVID-19 can affect pregnancy and child outcomes.

What did participants have to do as part of Generation C?
Participants donated 2 extra tubes of blood at each prenatal blood draw and at delivery, donated a sample of placenta and umbilical cord blood, and answered up to four questionnaires. They also allowed us to review their and their baby’s medical records for information regarding their clinical care and medical history.
Will participants be able to know their antibody status through participating in Generation C?
No, we will not be sharing individual results of blood samples with participants of the study because testing is not happening as part of clinical care and samples will be processed in stages. This means that we cannot provide results in real time.
Did participants have to have been exposed to COVID-19 to participate?
No, anyone who was pregnant, receiving care within the Mount Sinai Health System and over 18 years old could participate.
Why are these findings significant?
The findings from this study will be of significant public health importance informing clinicians and patients about the risks linked to COVID-19 infection and vaccination during pregnancy.
Where will the results of the study be published?
Participants will receive newsletters with results from the study. We will also provide study updates on this website and on social media. Lastly, we will publish the results across a wide variety of academic journals and conferences.
What has the study found to date?
So far, we have found that around 20% of our participants had COVID-19 during pregnancy. In a small, initial study, we found that individuals who were infected with COVID-19 during pregnancy were generally younger, more often Black, or Hispanic, and more often had public insurance compared with uninfected participants. We did not see any differences in pregnancy and birth outcomes between the infected and uninfected groups. Similarly, we found that receiving the COVID-19 vaccine during pregnancy did not impact the pregnancy or the baby.
Anna-Sophie Rommel, PhD

Assistant Professor in the Department of Psychiatry
anna.rommel@mssm.edu

Anna’s work focuses on common exposures during pregnancy, including infections, medications and pollutants, and their link to the development of negative pregnancy and birth outcomes and suboptimal neurodevelopment in the child. She is particularly interested in exploring the extent to which COVID-19 and the ongoing pandemic disproportionately impact pregnant women from underserved communities and their children.

Molly Lieber, MPH, LMSW

Research Operations Manager
molly.lieber@mssm.edu

Formerly on the project, Molly’s research interests lie in public health and specifically in access and acceptance of healthcare in marginalized communities.

Whitney Lieb, MD, MPH, MSCR

Assistant Professor and Co-Investigator
whitney.lieb@mssm.edu

Whitney is an Assistant Professor in the Departments of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Science, Population Health Science and Policy & Medical Education. She is a co-investigator as well as a participant in the Generation C Study.

Frederieke Gigase

Research Associate
frederieke.gigase@mssm.edu

Frederieke, formerly on the project, is a Dutch scientist who completed her masters in Neuroscience and Clinical Psychology in the Netherlands before moving to New York City to carry out research in the lab of Dr Lot de Witte. She is fascinated by the immune system and how it is involved in mental health and during pregnancy. She is currently pursuing a PhD investigating the effects of inflammation during pregnancy.

Erona Ibroci, MPH

Clinical Research Coordinator
erona.ibroci@mssm.edu

Formerly on the project, Erona received a Bachelor of Science in Immunology and Infectious Disease from the Pennsylvania State University in 2017 and a Master of Public Health in Epidemiology from the Icahn School of Medicine Graduate Program in 2020. She has worked on a variety of research projects centering around maternal and child health, environmental exposures, and mental health during pregnancy.

Jezelle Lynch, MPH

Clinical Research Coordinator
jezelle.lynch@mssm.edu

Jezelle, formerly on the project, is a pre-health student at Brooklyn College. She received a Bachelor of Health Science and Psychology from Brooklyn College and a Master of Public Health from the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. She currently works as a research coordinator at the Department of Population Health Science and Policy at Mount Sinai. Her research interests are maternal and child health, health disparities, and social determinants of health.

Sophie Ohrn

Clinical Research Coordinator
sophie.ohrn@mssm.edu

Sophie, formerly on the project, comes to the Generation C team with a background in biomedical research and a strong interest in maternal health and the placenta. She graduated from Columbia University in 2019 with a degree in biochemistry, and after working as a research assistant at the New York Blood Center she began on the Generation C team in July 2020 and has helped the study to grow and evolve through the COVID-19 pandemic.

Juliana Castro

Clinical Research Coordinator
juliana.camachocastro@mssm.edu

Juliana graduated from Wesleyan University in 2019 with a degree in Psychology. She has a strong interest in women’s mental health and eventually hopes to pursue a degree in Clinical Psychology with a focus on reproductive mental health.

Christina Marshall

Clinical Research Coordinator
Christina.marshall@icahn.mssm.edu

Formerly on the project, Christina Marshall is a student at the Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai. She is pursuing an MD degree and will be graduating in 2024. Her primary research interests are in immunology, infectious diseases, and women’s health.

Farida Mutawakil

Clinical Research Coordinator
Farida.mutawakil@mssm.edu

Formerly on the project, Farida graduated from CUNY-Hunter College with a Bachelor of Science in Community Health. She received her MPH (Master’s in Public Health) from the CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy. She is very interested in maternal health and hopes to become an OB/GYN doctor in the future, working towards eliminating maternal health disparities.

Rushna Tubassum

Clinical Research Coordinator
Rushna.tubassum@mssm.edu

Rushna graduated from Hunter College, as a Yalow Honors Scholar, with a B.A in Human Biology and is currently pursuing a Master’s in Public Health at the CUNY Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy. She is very interested in women’s mental health and understanding the links between public health and medicine from an interdisciplinary perspective, with a focus on underserved communities.

Contact Us
If you would like more information about the Generation C study, please contact us at Generation.c.study@mountsinai.org with any questions, thoughts, or concerns. You can also call us at either 212-241-5994 or 212-241-5681. Find us on social media. Follow our Twitter (@GenCStudy) for live updates on the study and our Instagram (@GenCStudy) for photos, videos, and more.